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Penggunaan Dana Zakat dalam pembangunan Takaful Mikro:Satu Sorotan Literatur

The use of zakat fund in the development of micro takaful: a literature review

Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa Vol. 17 No. 2   (Page 73-91)

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Nik Abdul Rahim Nik Abdul Ghani (Author)
Ihsan Ilahi Mohd Sabri (Author)
Salmy Edawati Yaacob (Author)
Nurul Ilyana Muhd Adnan (Author)
Ahmad Dahlan Salleh (Author)
Rubayah Yakob (Author)
Hendon Redzuan (Author)

Abstract

Micro takaful is a manifestation of financial inclusion in a country. The purpose of micro takaful is to support the financial needs of the poor and unfortunate group, in which most of them are known as the B40 segment. The majority of them are considered the asnaf (reciepients) of zakat. They are the groups most susceptible to financial shocks in the event of accident, illness or death . However, they typically do not have sufficient income to purchase takaful. Insufficient contribution could thus impede the development of micro takaful. One of the proposed solutions is to utilise the zakat funds to help the asnaf group especially the needy and poor people. Additionally, the yearly increment of the zakat fund requires a more efficient distribution system. Amongst the proposed mechanisms is to utilise the fund to develop a microtakaful model. This paper analyses previous studies on micro takaful model in the takaful industry and its need for the use of zakat fund. The article also examines some issues and challenges in utilising zakat fund for the development of micro takaful. This research is a qualitative study using content analysis approcah. The findings suggest that there are several financial assistance schemes for poor people provided by the governement or financial institutions. However,, very few micro takaful schemes are currently being offered . Thus, a study on using zakat to develope micro takaful schemes should

Abstrak

Takaful mikro ialah manifestasi amalan rangkuman kewangan (financial inclusion) dalam sesebuah negara. Tujuan takaful mikro ialah untuk menyokong keperluan kewangan golongan miskin dan tidak bernasib baik, yang sebahagian besar mereka juga dikenali sebagai B40. Kebanyakan mereka terdiri daripada asnaf zakat. Mereka ialah kumpulan masyarakat yang akan menghadapi masalah kejutan kewangan apabila berlaku kemalangan, sakit atau kematian. Walaubagaimanapun, golongan ini tidak mempunyai pendapatan yang cukup untuk mencarum sumbangan dalam takaful. Dana sumbangan yang tidak signifikan juga boleh membantut pembangunan takaful mikro. Antara solusi cadangan ialah melalui penggunaan dana zakat bagi membantu golongan asnaf khususnya fakir dan miskin. Di samping itu, peningkatan kutipan zakat setiap tahun dapat dipadankan dengan kaedah agihan yang lebih efisien.  Salah satu mekanisme agihan yang dicadang ialah melalui kaedah pembinaan takaful mikro berasaskan dana zakat. Kertas ini menganalisis beberapa kajian lepas yang telah dijalankan berkaitan pembangunan model takaful mikro dalam industri takaful dan keperluannya kepada dana zakat. Kertas ini turut menjelaskan beberapa isu dan cabaran berkaitan penggunaan dana zakat bagi pembangunan takaful mikro. Kajian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan. Hasil mendapati beberapa skim bantuan kewangan kepada golongan miskin disediakan sama ada oleh kerajaan atau institusi kewangan. Namun tidak banyak skim takaful mikro ditawarkan buat masa sekarang. Justeru, satu kajian penggunaan zakat untuk membangunkan takaful mikro wajar perlu dijalankan dalam kajian lanjutan.


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